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The American Civil War was fought over the institution of slavery, with Southern states defending it and Northern states opposing its expansion. The war resulted in the emancipation of enslaved people and the abolition of slavery.
began in , when six Confederate veterans formed a secret fraternal order in late 1865/early 1866; historians agree the original core were local ex‑Confederates who created costumes and rituals that la...
Ulysses S. Grant repeatedly relied on the Insurrection Act and related federal powers in the early 1870s to deploy troops and federalize state forces against violent white-supremacist organizations—mo...
No: by widely used academic definitions — organized armed conflict between a state and an internal opposition causing roughly 1,000 battlefield deaths — is not currently in a , though a dangerous mix ...
, ’s Secretary of War, was in 1876 over a long-running trader-post kickback scheme but resigned minutes before the House vote; nevertheless tried him, found a majority voting “guilty” on the articles ...
The historical record in the provided reporting shows no evidence that were postponed as a nationwide or federal action during ; congressional elections and proceeded on schedule in , though Southern ...
Clear, comprehensive state-by-decade counts of Black women who owned enslaved people do not exist in the surviving published datasets; historians can point to overall counts of free Black slaveowners ...
The primary architects and enforcers of law in the post‑ South were white Southern Democrats — the “Redeemer” governments that retook state legislatures after federal troops left in 1877 and then enac...
, was a politically motivated assault on by supporters of aimed at stopping certification of the 2020 election, widely described as an insurrection or attempted coup and resulting in multiple deaths, ...
The available reporting does not record saying the exact phrase “we’re in a civil war,” but it does show him using warlike and civil‑war–referent rhetoric and prompting multiple commentators and offic...
The 1860 U.S. census counted roughly 3.95 million people held in slavery against a national population of about 31.4 million, which translates to approximately of the entire U.S. population being ensl...
Rutherford B. Hayes’s victory in the presidential election of 1876 was one of the most disputed and controversial contests in U.S. history: Democrat Samuel J. Tilden won the popular vote and led in th...