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Index/Topics/Animal welfare

Animal welfare

Debate over the use of shock collars and animal training methods

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Jan 13, 2026
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Is organic food healthier

The short answer: sometimes — but not universally. Nutrient and health differences between organic and conventional foods are inconsistent across high-quality reviews, while organic foods reliably sho...

Jan 8, 2026

how do we determine sentience

Determining sentience rests on converging indirect evidence—behavioural, physiological and neurological indicators—combined with cautious inference because subjective experience cannot be observed dir...