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A law that prohibits federal agencies from accepting voluntary services from furloughed employees and governs who is excepted and who must be furloughed during a funding lapse.
OMB Circular A-11 directs agencies to identify which activities and personnel may continue during a lapse in appropriations — so-called “excepted” functions and employees — and to furlough workers per...
are explicitly barred from performing their regular duties during a funding lapse, and agencies may not accept voluntary services; that prohibition is grounded in Executive Branch shutdown guidance an...
An “-employee-classification">excepted” position, as frames it in shutdown guidance, is a job funded by annual appropriations whose duties are nonetheless allowed to continue during a lapse because th...
The statutory regime that controls presidential impoundment is the Impoundment Control Act (ICA) of 1974, which channels any presidential withholding or delay of congressionally enacted budget authori...