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Atmospheric refraction

Atmospheric refraction explaining why distant objects sometimes appear above or at the horizon

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Jan 9, 2026
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How do sightings from tall vantage points or telescopes challenge flat Earth explanations?

Sightlines from tall vantage points, high-altitude balloons and telescopes produce consistent, repeatable observations—visible curvature, differing star fields, and horizon drop—that directly contradi...

Jan 19, 2026

What experiments and simple observations reliably demonstrate Earth's curvature without relying on space imagery?

A suite of low‑tech, repeatable observations and simple experiments—ranging from Eratosthenes’ shadow measurements to watching ships disappear hull‑first, to level‑laser and pendulum tests—provide rel...