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Bivens

A limited remedy against federal officials for constitutional violations.

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2 results
Jan 25, 2026
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How have legal experts assessed federal agents’ use-of-force policies after the Minneapolis shootings in January 2026?

Legal experts have largely framed the shootings as a stress test of federal use-of-force doctrine: scholars and practitioners point to settled standards and policy as the baseline, while criticizing h...

Jan 29, 2026
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How do federal courts distinguish between criminal allegations and civil‑rights claims when assessing whether a complaint states a valid cause of action?

separate criminal allegations from civil‑rights causes of action by asking whether the plaintiff’s complaint pleads a civil remedy under a recognized federal or state law and whether the claim “arises...