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Index/Topics/Black self-reliance and political independence

Black self-reliance and political independence

The idea that African Americans should rely on themselves and their own institutions for political power and social change

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Feb 6, 2026

What did Malcolm X say in full at his UC Berkeley speech on October 11, 1963, and where can the complete transcript be read?

The complete text of ’s October 11, 1963 lecture/interview is not a single mysterious lost document but is published and archived in multiple places: printed in collected-speeches compilations and mad...

Feb 5, 2026

The difference between Luther King and Malcolm X was not so much in substance as in form.

The proposition that and differed “” holds significant truth: both men sought and an end to , but they communicated different immediate strategies and public postures shaped by biography, audience, an...