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Capsaicin works mainly by activating TRPV1 and depleting substance P from nociceptors
that combine menthol, camphor, and capsaicin relieve joint pain primarily by activating or desensitizing skin sensory receptors (TRP channels) to produce cooling/heat sensations, counterirritation, an...
Capsaicin and non‑pungent capsaicinoid analogues (capsinoids) have been isolated and tested in multiple human trials and pooled in several meta‑analyses; most papers report small but measurable increa...
Independent human studies of green coffee extract (GCE) and its main active, chlorogenic acid (CGA), produce mixed signals: several randomized controlled trials and multiple meta-analyses report small...
Peer‑reviewed clinical reviews and meta‑analyses show a mixed, mostly modest body of evidence that a handful of common over‑the‑counter ingredients—caffeine and green tea catechins (often together), s...