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Carding encompasses several related fraud techniques centered on validating and monetizing stolen payment credentials.
The algorithm is a simple "mod 10" checksum that validates identification numbers by doubling every second digit from the right, summing digit-values (subtracting 9 for doubled digits >9), and checkin...
Credit card chargebacks for subscription fraud begin when a cardholder files a dispute with their issuing bank claiming an unauthorized or recurring subscription charge, and the issuer initiates a rev...
Non‑VBV (non‑Verified‑by‑Visa) card transactions are a technical description of payments that skip 3D Secure authentication, but using non‑VBV cards in fraudulent schemes is prosecuted under the same ...