Your fact-checks will appear here
The importance and implications of carrying proof of U.S. citizenship, especially during encounters with ICE, and the legal standards surrounding it.
ICE policy and practice in 2025 treats a narrow set of federal and state-issued documents—most centrally the U.S. passport and formal naturalization/citizenship certificates—as the clearest, probative...
ICE guidance requires officers to assess and document indicia and “probative evidence” of U.S. citizenship when encountered, but it does not produce a single public checklist that resolves every front...
ICE Policy 16001.2 treats “probative evidence” as documents or indicia that, while not meeting a judicial or administrative burden of proof like preponderance, are sufficiently relevant and persuasive...