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Protection of children from online harms and exploitation
The latest European Parliament proposal seeks an EU-harmonised “digital minimum age” of 16 for free access to social media, with an exemption allowing 13–16 year‑olds to use services if authorised by ...
European countries broadly criminalise certain forms of and many have explicit prohibitions on denialism—especially and —but the scope, protected characteristics and enforcement practices differ marke...
European countries—principally through EU-wide laws like the Digital Services Act (DSA) and longstanding rules such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—have built a regulatory framework t...
Many countries set ages of sexual consent below 18, but across regions the law commonly treats “child” for pornography and depiction purposes as anyone under 18, creating a legal separation between co...