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The use of apologetic explanations by Christian defenders to respond to criticisms of failed prophecies.
The Babylonian Talmud contains a passage in Tractate Gittin (folios 56b–57a) that, in some versions and translations, records a spirit called “Yeshu” saying he is punished in “boiling excrement” (Tzoa...
The and the papal/royal censures that followed sharply interrupted the manuscript culture of the Babylonian Talmud: they provoked widespread confiscation and burning of Hebrew rabbinic books, stimulat...
Defenders of apparently rely on a small set of theological moves—redefining terms, arguing prophecies are conditional, insisting on symbolic or spiritual fulfillment, and invoking institutional or pas...