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The constitutional protections against discriminatory stops and the role of the courts in enforcing these protections.
U.S. citizens are not legally required to carry proof of citizenship, and they retain constitutional protections — including the right to remain silent and protection from unreasonable seizure — when ...
Refusing an ICE agent’s order to step out of a car is not, in itself, universally defined as a standalone criminal offense—but it can quickly turn into a dangerous encounter, can provide grounds for f...
Federal courts in 2024–2025 increasingly rebuked ICE practices that led to the wrongful detention of U.S. citizens, imposing limits on warrantless arrests, detainer practices, and some mandatory-deten...
Residents and workers confronted by ICE with an administrative warrant retain core constitutional and practical protections: they have the right to remain silent and do not have to produce paperwork, ...
The Supreme Court’s September 2025 emergency order paused a federal court’s restraining order that had barred ICE and DHS from using apparent race, language, workplace, or location as bases for immigr...
Green card holders (lawful permanent residents, LPRs) and U.S. citizens both have constitutional protections during encounters with ICE, including the right to remain silent, but the practical legal o...
Judicial arrest warrants and judicial search warrants in immigration-related matters are both court orders signed by a judge or magistrate that authorize law enforcement action based on probable cause...
Refusing to follow an order from an ICE agent is not automatically a separate federal crime in every situation, but refusal can create legal risk depending on the circumstances — for example, if the c...
The Appellate Division vacated the large monetary penalty Judge Arthur Engoron imposed but left intact most of Engoron’s non‑monetary injunctive relief — including restrictions on who may run Trump’s ...
Noncitizen witnesses should prioritize safety, know and assert constitutional protections (especially the right to remain silent), avoid physically obstructing enforcement, document details if it is s...
Federal arrest and search powers for ICE officers flow primarily from the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) as codified at 8 U.S.C. §1357 (often cited as INA §287) and from DHS regulations that im...
When ICE agents approach someone in public, the encounter can be a consensual conversation, a brief investigative detention based on reasonable suspicion, or an arrest — and the rights a person has de...