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The effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines in reducing the risk of symptomatic infection, severe illness, hospitalization, and death.
Before COVID-19 vaccines became widely available, some health indicators—case growth in places that successfully suppressed transmission and mortality in countries that expanded hospital capacity and ...
have been authorized after meeting regulatory standards and are subject to unprecedented safety monitoring; evidence from multiple reviews and surveillance systems shows they substantially reduce seve...
Public reporting from CDC and partner networks indicates there is no single fixed calendar date for a U.S. influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimate for the 2025–26 season; instead CDC and its sur...
There is no specific release date in the available reporting for U.S.-specific midseason influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates for 2025–2026; the CDC has published early and routine VE analys...
There are many studies that compare vaccinated and unvaccinated people on specific, short-term outcomes (especially for ), but far fewer high-quality studies that compare the long-term, of fully vacci...
Yes — across decades of randomized trials, large real‑world studies, and systematic reviews, Covid‑19 vaccines clearly reduce the risk of symptomatic infection and, most importantly, cut the risk of s...
Immunobridging is a regulatory and scientific strategy that uses measurable immune responses as surrogate markers to infer how well a vaccine or antibody will protect people, allowing regulators to au...
Seasonal influenza vaccines provide moderate, variable protection that is generally higher in children than in adults and lower in older adults, while immunity from natural infection tends to be more ...