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The creation of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in 2003, following the signing of the Homeland Security Act by President George W. Bush in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks.
signed the of 2002, which created the and—through that reorganization—led directly to the establishment of ), with the new agency opening in March 2003 . The functions ICE now carries out, however, tr...
) was established in March 2003 as part of the post-9/11 reorganization that created , implemented under after passed the (Public Law 107–296) . The new agency consolidated immigration and customs enf...