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The distribution of CSAM through live-streaming and other means, including its ties to other crimes like sextortion and trafficking
VPNs, Tor, and end‑to‑end encryption (E2EE) reshape CSAM investigations by removing easy access to content and shifting law enforcement toward metadata, cooperation with providers, traditional investi...
Metadata held by CDNs and cloud providers can strongly indicate that a particular resource was requested from a given IP address or session, and modern telemetry (including session IDs) can tie server...
Metadata and device-activity patterns can create probable cause sufficient to obtain warrants to seize or initially search devices in CSAM investigations, but they rarely prove the element of knowing ...