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A collection of ancient Jewish texts discovered near the Dead Sea, dating from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE.
Fragments of 1 Enoch — chiefly Aramaic pieces recovered in Cave 4 — amount to multiple manuscripts (commonly counted as eleven Aramaic Enochic fragments) plus related Enochic texts such as the and som...
The full corpora of 1 Enoch and Jubilees survive in medieval Ethiopic (Geʽez) manuscripts, whereas the Dead Sea Scrolls preserved earlier fragments in Aramaic (1 Enoch) and Hebrew (Jubilees), permitti...
Scholars broadly agree that the Parables (1 Enoch 37–71) are a later, composite layer within the 1 Enoch corpus, likely crystallizing in the late first century BCE to early first century CE, and that ...
The strongest historical evidence that belong to the n canon is the continuous Geʽez manuscript tradition and explicit canonical lists and practices within the and Orthodox communities that include th...
The unique Ethiopian witness to 1 Enoch rests on a dense medieval manuscript tradition in Geʽez (Ethiopic) — the only surviving complete versions — combined with fragmentary Aramaic and Greek evidence...
exercised disproportionate cultural and theological influence on Jewish and Christian apocalyptic imagination in the and into , informing angelology, eschatology, and even specific language (for examp...
The scholarly consensus from the available sources is that substantial portions of (the Ethiopic Apocalypse of Enoch) survive only in the Ethiopic (Geʽez) tradition and are not represented among the ;...
recognizes an expanded canon—commonly described as 81 books—that includes several works not found in or , most notably , , the three Ethiopian Meqabyan books, and a suite of ecclesiastical texts such ...
The books of and occupy an accepted scriptural place within the n Orthodox Tewahedo canon, influencing theology, liturgy, and biblical interpretation in ways distinct from most other Christian traditi...