Index/Topics/EU data protection regulations

EU data protection regulations

The EU has implemented data protection regulations, including the GDPR, to govern the processing and retention of personal data, including biometric data.

Fact-Checks

8 results
Jan 25, 2026

How long do major European ISPs (e.g., Deutsche Telekom, Orange, Vodafone) retain DNS query logs under EU/EEA laws in 2025?

Major European ISPs do not have a single, -mandated DNS query‑log retention period; retention is driven by a mix of national laws, sectoral telecom rules, and individual company policies, and public d...

Jan 24, 2026

Which countries have independent biometric oversight bodies and what powers do they hold?

Independent oversight of exists in patches around the world: data protection authorities in the (and the ’s ICO) exercise supervisory powers over biometric processing under the framework, several coun...

Jan 24, 2026

What factors influence legal ages for adult content in different countries?

for accessing or producing adult content are shaped by a tangle of legal traditions, public‑health and child‑protection priorities, cultural and religious norms, and technical and privacy challenges t...

Jan 11, 2026

Do European countries have stricter social media laws than the US, and how do they enforce them?

European countries—principally through EU-wide laws like the Digital Services Act (DSA) and longstanding rules such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—have built a regulatory framework t...

Jan 10, 2026

What legal processes would compel a Private Relay second‑relay operator to disclose traffic metadata in the United States and Europe?

A Private Relay second‑relay operator (the “egress” node) can technically see decrypted destination hostnames and issues temporary egress IPs but not the user’s originating IP; that technical split sh...

Jan 9, 2026

What legal protections govern disclosure of minors’ medical information in the UK and how have they applied to the royal household?

The disclosure of children’s medical information in the UK is governed by a layered framework of data-protection law, common-law confidentiality and professional guidance that centres on capacity, par...

Jan 7, 2026

What regulations govern digital ID use in the United States and EU (2024)?

The European Union now governs digital ID through a reinforced eIDAS framework (Regulation (EU) 2024/1183) that establishes a mandatory, interoperable European Digital Identity Wallet and associated i...

Jan 6, 2026

What recent EU Court of Justice rulings have addressed biometric data explicit consent?

The Court of Justice of the European Union has in recent years issued a string of rulings tightening the conditions under which biometric and other special-category personal data may be lawfully proce...