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The EU's data retention directive and its impact on ISP data retention policies
Several national laws and regulatory moves have forced into difficult choices: comply with retention and registration regimes (notably and ) or withdraw and redesign services; major VPN firms have res...
’s legal landscape treats VPN providers differently from traditional ISPs: existing statutes and court decisions have generally found VPNs outside the specific reporting and retention duties that bind...
's popularity belies a thicket of ethical tensions: robust end-to-end encryption protects message content in transit but leaves metadata, backups, AI interactions and platform design open to exploitat...
Major European ISPs do not have a single, -mandated DNS query‑log retention period; retention is driven by a mix of national laws, sectoral telecom rules, and individual company policies, and public d...