Extremist Groups and Quranic Verses

Which Qur’anic verses are cited by extremist groups to justify violence, and how do mainstream scholars rebut those readings?

Extremist groups most commonly cite a narrow cluster of Quranic verses—often called the “sword verses” (notably Q9:5 and Q9:29) and others such as Q9:111, Q47:4 and select passages from Al-Ma’idah and...