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Fourth Amendment standards

The constitutional requirements for searches and seizures, including the need for probable cause and a warrant.

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Jan 17, 2026
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When can ICE lawfully detain someone in public and what counts as probable cause?

ICE may detain a person in public when officers have statutory authority and either a warrant or probable cause that the individual is removable or has committed a federal offense, but the agency’s po...

Jan 23, 2026
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What legal standards must law enforcement meet to convert a CyberTip into a search warrant or arrest?

CyberTip into a search warrant or an arrest is not an automatic or administrative step; investigators must satisfy traditional Fourth Amendment and statutory standards—primarily probable cause, a part...