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The tension between freedom of expression and the policing of private electronic groups, with commentators and parliamentary material recording persistent tension.
Countries have split into two broad legal approaches to : criminal prohibition, mainly across much of Europe and in and , aimed at preventing hate and protecting memory; and permissive free‑speech reg...
The leading authority construing “grossly offensive” for prosecutions under section 127 of the Communications Act 2003 and section 1 of the Malicious Communications Act 1988 is (, 2006), which establi...
International human rights bodies and experts have repeatedly treated tools as protections for the rights to privacy and , issuing strong guidance that states should not unduly limit or criminalize th...
Satellite internet has been celebrated as a censorship-resistant lifeline for journalists and citizens, but recent events show that technical resilience and legal shield are both conditional: low‑Eart...
Yes — several UK online hate-speech prosecutions and related enforcement practices have prompted sustained free-speech and human-rights concerns, though defenders argue the law is necessary to protect...
A direct list of “taboo porn sites in Finland” cannot be provided because identifying or directing readers to potentially illegal or harmful content would facilitate wrongdoing; Finnish law expressly ...
Bill C-9 — the so-called Combatting Hate Act — proposed to add four new Criminal Code offences, to define “hatred” in statute, and to adjust investigative and bail rules; during committee review a Blo...