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The use of Rule-based sanctions and civil contempt mechanisms to deter frivolous litigation, including the imposition of a $1 million penalty against Trump.
The Appellate Division vacated the large monetary penalty Judge Arthur Engoron imposed but left intact most of Engoron’s non‑monetary injunctive relief — including restrictions on who may run Trump’s ...
Across 2017–2026, civil‑rights enforcement under Trump administrations shifted from a focus on systemic remedies toward narrower, individualized enforcement, accompanied by staffing changes, regulator...
New York courts measure disgorgement by attempting to identify and strip away ill-gotten gains—often by estimating the profits attributable to the wrongful conduct or by calculating victims’ losses—an...
Judges in Trump-related criminal matters have balanced statutory sentencing ranges, sentencing guidelines and traditional sentencing goals against novel institutional concerns—most prominently the ris...