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Index/Topics/Geneva Conventions and international humanitarian law

Geneva Conventions and international humanitarian law

The Geneva Conventions and current international humanitarian law doctrine make clear that orders producing prohibited acts are unlawful, that states must investigate and penalize grave breaches, and that 'just following orders' is not an automatic defense

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Jan 12, 2026
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What legal and historical definitions exist for 'collective punishment' and how were they applied in World War II?

Collective punishment—penalizing a group for acts committed by individuals—has long roots in military practice but is now banned under modern international humanitarian law because it targets the inno...

Jan 13, 2026

How have courts and the ICRC defined the line between legitimate security measures and prohibited collective punishment in recent conflicts?

Courts and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) draw a clear legal boundary: measures that single out and punish a group for the actions of individuals are prohibited as collective puni...

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