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Index/Topics/Hiibel

Hiibel

The Hiibel case and its relation to requiring identification during a Terry stop.

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Jan 16, 2026
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What did Terry v. Ohio actually hold about stops and frisks, and how has the doctrine evolved?

Terry v. Ohio held that brief investigatory detentions (“stops”) and limited pat-downs for weapons (“frisks”) are Fourth Amendment “seizures” and “searches” but can be constitutional on a lower showin...

Jan 13, 2026
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What are the legal consequences of refusing to show ID to police on public streets?

Refusing to show identification to police on a public street produces different legal consequences depending on where the encounter occurs and whether the officer has lawfully detained the person; sev...