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The law passed by Congress in 2002 that led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
The principal federal agencies that carried out immigration enforcement before the creation of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in 2003 were the Immigration and Naturalization Service (I...
The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency was created as part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, a landmark reorganization passed by Congress in the wake of the September 11 attacks...
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (H.R. 5005) cleared Congress on final roll calls in the summer and autumn of 2002; the Senate’s final passage recorded a 90–9 vote (one senator not voting) and the Ho...
The Senate approved the Homeland Security Act of 2002 by a 90–9 recorded vote (Senate Vote No. 249), with nine senators recorded as “nay” on final passage (90 yeas, 9 nays) . The official Senate roll ...
separates “” into three labeled outcomes—removals, returns, and expulsions—and treats removals as formal orders that carry administrative or criminal consequences while returns are departures not base...
The of 2002 abolished the and redistributed its functions into a newly created , splitting into separate components to prioritize security after 9/11 . The law created a new architecture—, , and —whil...
The abolished the Immigration and Naturalization Service and folded its functions into a new , splitting immigration and customs roles into three principal DHS components—, , and —while also absorbing...
The established the and, through its transfer and reorganization provisions, moved the functions and authorities that had been exercised by the into the new Department and its subordinate components r...
The dismantled the and moved most immigration functions into the newly created , creating , , and and triggering immediate jurisdictional friction with the , which retained certain enforcement and adj...
) was established in March 2003 as part of the post-9/11 reorganization that created , implemented under after passed the (Public Law 107–296) . The new agency consolidated immigration and customs enf...
The dismantled the and moved most immigration enforcement and services into the newly created , reorganizing functions into new components such as Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the (la...
The Congressional Research Service (CRS) and other nonpartisan analyses concluded that the Homeland Security Act of 2002 created broad protections for “critical infrastructure” and related security in...
The Homeland Security Act (HSA) reorganized U.S. immigration administration by abolishing the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and transferring its functions into a new Department of Homel...