Index/Topics/Homeland Security Act of 2002

Homeland Security Act of 2002

The Homeland Security Act of 2002 and its provisions related to critical infrastructure information and FOIA exemptions

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6 results
Jan 13, 2026
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Who were the main proponents and opponents of ICE's creation in the US Senate and House of Representatives?

The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency was created as part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, a landmark reorganization passed by Congress in the wake of the September 11 attacks...

Jan 14, 2026
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Which immigration enforcement agencies existed before ICE and what were their functions?

The principal federal agencies that carried out immigration enforcement before the creation of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in 2003 were the Immigration and Naturalization Service (I...

Jan 15, 2026
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Which senators and representatives voted for and against the Homeland Security Act of 2002 on the final roll calls?

The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (H.R. 5005) cleared Congress on final roll calls in the summer and autumn of 2002; the Senate’s final passage recorded a 90–9 vote (one senator not voting) and the Ho...

Jan 16, 2026

Which senators voted nay on Senate Vote #249 (Homeland Security Act, 2002) and what reasons did they give?

The Senate approved the Homeland Security Act of 2002 by a 90–9 recorded vote (Senate Vote No. 249), with nine senators recorded as “nay” on final passage (90 yeas, 9 nays) . The official Senate roll ...

Jan 17, 2026

How did CRS and other nonpartisan analyses assess the FOIA and liability provisions included in the Homeland Security Act of 2002?

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) and other nonpartisan analyses concluded that the Homeland Security Act of 2002 created broad protections for “critical infrastructure” and related security in...

Jan 9, 2026

What role did the 2003 Homeland Security Act play in forming immigration enforcement agencies?

The Homeland Security Act (HSA) reorganized U.S. immigration administration by abolishing the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and transferring its functions into a new Department of Homel...