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ICE stops and reasonable suspicion

The shift in what counts as 'reasonable suspicion' for interior ICE stops, allowing ethnicity, language, location, or workplace to be considered as part of the 'totality of the circumstances', and the potential risks of re-creating the 'roving patrols' era

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Jan 14, 2026
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How have court rulings since 2023 changed what counts as reasonable suspicion for ICE stops in the interior?

Since 2023, federal courts had been tightening what counts as “reasonable suspicion” for interior ICE stops by demanding particularized, articulable facts rather than broad demographic markers, but a ...