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The impact of Title 42 on immigration policy and the experiments with chain expulsions and lateral flights to reduce repeat crossings.
Title 42, invoked March 21, 2020 and terminated May 11, 2023, transformed how U.S. authorities recorded and resolved border encounters by creating a parallel category—“expulsions” under a public‑healt...
expulsions were a massive, event-based enforcement practice at the from March 21, 2020, to May 11, 2023, and estimates of how many expulsions occurred in that window vary by data source and counting m...
at the border since 1990 have shifted in response to discrete U.S. enforcement strategies, legal-processing changes, and large external shocks — notably economic cycles, regional violence and humanita...
and other COVID-era border measures reshaped not only how and whom expelled at the southern border but also the bookkeeping of removals: expulsions under Title 42 were counted differently from traditi...
seeking routes that might eventually lead to routinely travel along multiple, overlapping corridors through , and or via the “Eastern Route” toward and the Gulf, and they face a pattern of extreme dan...