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In Vitro 3D Human Skin Equivalent Models

In vitro 3D human skin equivalent models are used to study the dermal uptake of PFAS, with results showing higher absorption fractions compared to in vivo studies.

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Jan 31, 2026
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How do hair follicles and skin occlusion affect transdermal absorption in Franz diffusion vs. real‑world conditions?

are a long-established, standardized tool that reliably ranks formulations and measures under controlled, static conditions, but they systematically simplify or omit key real‑world features — notably ...

Jan 11, 2026

How do dermal absorption percentages from 3D skin models compare with in vivo human dermal studies for PFOA and short‑chain PFAS?

In vitro 3D human skin equivalent models report substantially higher dermal uptake fractions for many PFAS—including a PFOA permeation of ~13.5% with ~38% retained in skin and much larger fractions fo...