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The biological markers that precede type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.
is not caused by a single villain but by the interplay of and progressive failure of insulin‑producing β‑cells—processes driven by genetic susceptibility, aging and including diet, adiposity and —so t...
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence is strongest for probiotics and berberine to lower HbA1c in type 2 diabetes, with soluble viscous fiber showing consistent, clinically meaningful effects as ...
Chewing nicotine gum has been associated in human studies with markers that precede type 2 diabetes—specifically hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance—most notably in a long‑term study of middle‑age...
is diagnosed by standard glycemic thresholds (, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2‑hour OGTT ≥200 mg/dL or a random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms) and is driven principally by insulin resistance ...