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A law in the United Kingdom granting retention and retention-adjacent powers to the state.
Switzerland historically offered stronger legal insulation for VPNs—outside Five/Nine/Fourteen Eyes and with constitutional privacy traditions—giving providers and users meaningful legal cover versus ...
Mandatory data‑retention regimes in multiple countries require ISPs and telecom operators to store connection metadata (IP addresses, timestamps, subscriber identifiers) for set periods, which can rev...
A mixture of statutory registers, departmental transparency rules, new criminal and investigatory powers, and parliamentary post‑legislative scrutiny create the limited architecture that can compel or...
The UK Technical Capability Notice (TCN) issued to Apple under the Investigatory Powers Act demanded that Apple maintain the capability to provide access to data stored in its iCloud Advanced Data Pro...