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IRS interest rates on unpaid federal tax

The IRS charges interest on unpaid federal tax at rates set quarterly under IRC section 6621

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Jan 11, 2026
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How are penalties for underpaying 2025 estimated taxes calculated by the IRS?

The IRS treats the underpayment of estimated tax as an interest-style penalty calculated on the amount and timing of shortfalls during 2025, using quarterly statutory rates and safe‑harbor thresholds ...

Jan 14, 2026
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Where on Form 1040 is tax-exempt interest reported and how does it feed into Form 8962 reconciliation?

Tax‑exempt interest is reported on Form 1040 at line 2a (the “Tax‑exempt interest” line) even though it is not federally taxable, and that amount is pulled into the Premium Tax Credit (PTC) reconcilia...