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International humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions define lawful and unlawful conduct in war, shaping when orders can be refused or will expose subordinates to liability.
Several international tribunals have confronted the crime of , most notably the (SCSL) which produced multiple convictions, while earlier forums such as the and the (ICTR) recognized or enabled prosec...
Fact‑checkers and legal analysts treat the labels "war," "skirmish," and "ceasefire" as legal and factual determinations grounded in objective criteria—primarily the identity and organization of parti...
Courts and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) draw a clear legal boundary: measures that single out and punish a group for the actions of individuals are prohibited as collective puni...