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New York Convention

The role of the New York Convention in the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards.

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Jan 7, 2026
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What legal and diplomatic limits constrain using seizures or naval interdictions to enforce commercial arbitration awards against sovereign states?

Using seizures or naval interdictions to enforce commercial arbitration awards against states collides with entrenched legal doctrines—sovereign immunity, treaty-based enforcement rules such as the Ne...

Jan 23, 2026

What mechanisms exist to enforce ICSID and World Bank arbitration awards against sovereign states like Venezuela, and how successful have they been?

The principal legal routes for enforcing and ‑related arbitral awards against sovereigns are recognition in domestic courts under the (Articles 54–55) and, where applicable, enforcement via the and na...