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The effectiveness of omega-3 supplements in improving cognition in older adults.
High-quality, long-duration randomized controlled trials (RCTs proving durable cognitive benefits or long‑term safety for popular nootropic supplements are scarce: most human trials are small, short (...
Large, well-designed clinical trials have mostly failed to show that single over‑the‑counter supplements prevent dementia or reliably improve memory, though a few exceptions and promising smaller stud...
is a major effect modifier in trials of supplements for cognition: benefits are most consistently observed when participants are deficient at baseline, while trials in nutritionally replete cohorts te...
Randomized trials and systematic reviews show mixed results: some multi‑ingredient multivitamin-mineral (MVM) trials report modest cognitive benefits in older adults while many single‑ingredient and c...