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Post-9/11 Reorganization

The reorganization of U.S. border agencies after the 9/11 attacks, including the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the merger of INS Border Patrol and U.S. Customs Service functions.

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Jan 24, 2026
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What were the operational differences between INS Border Patrol units and the U.S. Customs Service at ports of entry before 2003?

that created the , operational responsibility along the border was split in clear, functional ways: units conducted roving surveillance and interdiction between official crossings, while the staffed a...