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Powell v. McCormack

A Supreme Court case that established limits on Congress's power to exclude members.

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Jan 11, 2026
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What constitutional clauses or federal laws address allegiance and eligibility for Congress?

The Constitution sets the rules that govern allegiance and eligibility for service in Congress chiefly through Article I’s membership qualifications, Article I’s internal-judging clause, and Article V...

Feb 5, 2026

How often have U.S. Representatives been expelled historically, and what were the reasons?

is exceptionally rare: across history 21 members have been expelled—15 senators and six representatives—under the Constitution’s two‑thirds rule (Article I, §5) . Most expulsions clustered in the era ...