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The period in the US following the Civil War, marked by attempts to establish civil governments in the South and ensure the rights of formerly enslaved individuals.
The claim that “ was made up of the KKK” is false as a literal statement: was not founded by the Democratic Party nor was it simply the Party’s membership list, though the Klan historically drew many ...
began in the mid-1850s as a northern coalition formed to stop the expansion of slavery into western territories after Congress passed the , which reopened the slavery question in the territories . Ant...
The Ku Klux Klan is not and never has been the formal property of a single political party, though its alliances have shifted across eras: it emerged after the Civil War aligned against Republican Rec...
Federal — especially the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and the Enforcement Act of 1871 (commonly called the Ku Klux Act) — created explicit federal criminal authority, authorized use of troops, and allowed...
Congress revised the Insurrection Act in the Civil War and Reconstruction era to give the federal government clearer authority to federalize state militias and use regular troops inside states without...
Scholars do not declare civil war on intuition but by a set of measurable indicators: a violence threshold (commonly 1,000 battle‑related deaths per year in a country), the presence of organized armed...
The Republican Party began the post–Civil War era as the party most closely associated with Black voting rights and Reconstruction-era enforcement of the 13th–15th Amendments, but over the ensuing cen...
The Posse Comitatus Act (PCA) restricts the federal military from acting as domestic law enforcement by forbidding use of the Army, Air Force and (by amendment or policy) other armed services to “exec...
From the end of in 1877 through the passage of the in 1965, Democrats and Republicans occupied different, shifting positions on segregation: Southern and many state-level Democrats built and defended ...
’s clearest primary-source evidence for both his family background and the memoir text commonly titled is his own late-life autobiographical writing — a newspaper series and later book-form collection...
was founded in the mid‑19th century as an anti‑slavery‑expansion coalition and rapidly became one of the two dominant forces in American politics after 1860 victory . Over time it has evolved through ...
The Insurrection Act has been invoked roughly 30 times in U.S. history, but those invocations split into two clear categories: episodes that produced significant, on‑the‑ground federal troop deploymen...
Racist, dehumanizing tropes about Black people have operated as cultural tools to justify exploitation, violence, and political exclusion from slavery through Jim Crow and into contemporary media and ...
Rutherford B. Hayes played a consequential role in the formal end of Reconstruction by accepting the political bargain that removed federal military enforcement from the South, a move that directly we...