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The association between rectal douching and the risk of HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men.
(rectal douches) are a common preference for people preparing for anal sex but are not medically required and carry both benefits for comfort and measurable risks to rectal tissue and infection suscep...
Rectal douching solutions vary in how they interact with the fragile single‑layer rectal epithelium and the resident microbiome: plain water and soapy water commonly used by people are linked to epith...
Population-level measurement of routine at‑home enema use is sparse and fragmentary: most systematic surveys focus on specific groups (men who have sex with men, obstetric patients, pediatric treatmen...
Systematic reviews and multiple cohort studies report that rectal douching is associated with higher odds of HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men (MSM), with pooled odds ratios for HIV a...