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Russia's aid to Venezuela

Russia's military, economic, and diplomatic aid to Venezuela, including arms deliveries and strategic agreements

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Jan 29, 2026
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What role do Russia, China, and Iran play in Venezuela’s defense and foreign policy?

, , and have been pillars of external support network, supplying military hardware, diplomatic cover, financing and industrial cooperation that reshaped ’s defense posture and international alignments...

Jan 16, 2026
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How much naphtha does Venezuela historically import and from which countries?

Venezuela has long relied on imported diluents—especially naphtha—to make its extra‑heavy Orinoco crude transportable, with historical import flows often measured in tens of thousands of barrels per d...