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The use of federalized National Guard units during school desegregation in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
The Insurrection Act is a set of federal statutes first codified in 1807 that authorizes the president to deploy and use U.S. armed forces, including federalizing the National Guard, within the United...
Courts have historically given presidents broad deference to decide when domestic military force is needed, a posture rooted in the 1827 Martin v. Mott precedent that the authority to call out the mil...
The Insurrection Act is a federal statute that authorizes the president to call out the U.S. military and federalize National Guard forces to suppress insurrection, enforce federal law, or protect civ...
is legally permissible under federal statutes including Title 10 and the Armed Forces Reserve Act, and has historical precedent in crises from to . Yet when the Guard is already deployed by a governor...
—often dated to 1807 but rooted in militia laws from 1792—has been invoked roughly 30 times in , a figure reported by multiple legal scholars and trackers though exact totals depend on counting conven...
The Insurrection Act, enacted in 1807, has been invoked roughly 30 times by about 15 presidents to authorize deployment of federal military forces on U.S. soil in extreme crises; its use ranges from e...
A president can, under the Insurrection Act, federalize and deploy U.S. military forces inside a state—even over the objections of state officials—but only under statutorily defined circumstances and ...
Eisenhower’s 1957 decision to federalize the Arkansas National Guard and send regular Army units to enforce school desegregation crystallized the Insurrection Act as the constitutional instrument for ...