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Index/Topics/Sixteenth Amendment Ratification

Sixteenth Amendment Ratification

The ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the US Constitution, certified by Secretary of State Philander C. Knox on February 25, 1913, despite minor discrepancies in state submissions.

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Feb 7, 2026

What is the documentary evidence Secretary of State Knox used to proclaim the Sixteenth Amendment ratified on February 25, 1913?

’s February 25, 1913 proclamation that the had been ratified rested not on a single parchment but on ’s file of “official documents” — the ratification resolutions sent by — a record Knox explicitly c...

Feb 7, 2026

Which states rejected or rescinded ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment and when did they act?

Primary sources show the was declared ratified on February 3, 1913, after the required number of approved it , but contemporary and later documentary compilations record a small number of states that ...