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Stalin's Rule Death Toll (1920s-1953)

The estimated number of deaths attributed to Joseph Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union from the late 1920s to 1953, including executions, gulag deaths, famine excess mortality, and deportations.

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Jan 6, 2026

What were the death toll estimates for Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union (1920s–1953)?

Scholarly estimates of deaths attributable to Joseph Stalin’s rule between the late 1920s and 1953 span a wide range—archival-based tallies cluster around a few million, while demographic and polemica...