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The relationship between sterilization of urethral instruments and the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), including the effectiveness of different sterilization methods and the importance of proper technique.
There are purpose‑made, sterilizable tools marketed for and a consistent body of harm‑reduction guidance (cleaning, boiling, betadine, UV, sterile lubricants, medical‑grade stainless steel) in both me...
Sterilization—when performed to medical standards—substantially reduces microbial contamination and therefore lowers the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) from instruments that contact mucous me...