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A legal procedure where a police officer may stop and question an individual if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the individual is involved in criminal activity.
Refusing to show identification to police on a public street produces different legal consequences depending on where the encounter occurs and whether the officer has lawfully detained the person; sev...
Twenty-six U.S. states had some form of “stop and identify” statute as of 2024, but whether a refusal to give a name is itself a distinct crime depends on state wording and judicial interpretation — i...
The Supreme Court’s decision in established that a state may criminalize refusal to disclose one's name during a lawful stop, provided the statute is sufficiently narrow and the stop rests on reasonab...
The sources provided do not support a definitive list of "12 states" with ; national surveys and legal charts instead report between about two dozen states with some form of statute, and the precise c...