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Testem Benevolentiae Nostrae

A rebuke of Americanism by Pope Leo XIII, in which he refused to endorse certain modern liberal notions of freedom.

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Jan 29, 2026
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What was Pope Leo XIII's stance on US politics during his papacy?

engaged U.S. political and cultural developments deliberately and critically: he praised aspects of American civic life while condemning tendencies he labeled “” that he saw as threats to Catholic doc...