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Index/Topics/Third-party doctrine

Third-party doctrine

The legal doctrine that governs when law enforcement can access third-party records, including the requirement for a warrant and the standard for relevance.

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3 results
Jan 30, 2026
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Have any court cases tested the limits of law‑enforcement access to Private Relay metadata?

There are no court decisions in the provided reporting that specifically test ; the materials instead sketch the legal battleground—subpoenas, , CALEA, the CLOUD Act, and —that would govern any such d...

Jan 17, 2026
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What standards do U.S. courts require before issuing warrants based primarily on IP address evidence?

U.S. courts currently permit warrants based on IP-address information, but they do so against a shifting legal backdrop: traditional third‑party doctrine cases and pen‑register rules often allow acces...

Feb 4, 2026

What remedies or legal routes exist to challenge or enforce third‑party beneficiary protections in non‑prosecution agreements?

that attempt to protect third parties raise the same enforceability questions as ordinary contracts: whether an intended third‑party beneficiary exists, whether their rights have vested, and whether t...

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