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Law enforcement traffic stops and searches under the Fourth Amendment
ICE officers in public encounters commonly ask for identification and immigration papers, but what they can legally compel depends on the context: routine public stops do not automatically give ICE th...
Legal protections for refusing to identify oneself during a police stop are a patchwork of constitutional rules and state statutes: the Supreme Court has allowed some “stop-and-identify” laws while re...
may forcibly open a car door only when the action is justified by consent, a warrant, probable cause or an exigent (emergency) circumstance such as officer safety or imminent danger; absent one of tho...
Unlawful ICE stops or detentions can be challenged through a mix of administrative complaint routes, facility-level grievance procedures, civil litigation (including habeas petitions and class settlem...
Yes — federal immigration officers can, under federal statute and agency practice, detain someone during a traffic encounter without a judicial arrest warrant when they have the requisite authority an...