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The importance of treaty drafting and procedural timing in arbitration proceedings, particularly in the context of Venezuela's denunciation of the ICSID Convention.
Venezuela nationalized its oil industry in two major waves: a broad, legal nationalization that created state oil company PDVSA on January 1, 1976, and a later campaign under President Hugo Chávez in ...
Two parallel legal tracks exist to turn investor–state arbitration awards into collectible money against a sovereign like Venezuela: ICSID’s treaty‑based “automatic recognition” route for Contracting ...
Investors responded to Venezuela’s 2012 denunciation of the ICSID Convention by shifting to alternative fora and procedural routes—filing under the ICSID Additional Facility Rules or initiating ad hoc...