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Treaty of Tripoli Article 11

The Treaty of Tripoli's Article 11 and its implications on the First Amendment and religious freedom in the United States.

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Jan 14, 2026
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How did the Treaty of Tripoli influence later First Amendment jurisprudence?

The Treaty of Tripoli’s famous Article 11 — “the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion” — has not been a cornerstone legal authority cited as...

Jan 30, 2026
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Have historians documented claims that the Founders believed Muslims wouldn’t assimilate?

Historians have documented conflicting evidence about the Founders’ views of Muslims: many scholars point to explicit gestures of inclusion—Jefferson’s possession of a Qur’an, congressional language i...