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Urethral trauma as a complication of foreign body removal.
Recognizing infection or injury after urethral sounding rests on watching for local symptoms — pain, burning on urination, bleeding, abnormal discharge, and trouble passing urine — and systemic warnin...
with a hierarchy of approaches that prioritize minimally invasive extraction when feasible, escalating to endoscopic or open surgery for complex, migrated, or clustered objects, and pairing removal wi...
Repeated urethral instrumentation—through catheterization, multiple endoscopic procedures, or long-term clean intermittent catheterization—emerges in contemporary literature as a leading, and often mo...